抄録
Background. A punctuation mark, a typeface, and a capital letter can have a function in a text where they occur. Recognising the function is important for reading texts in the academic domain. Nevertheless, little research has focused on the description for recognising functions of punctuation marks, typefaces, and capital letters. Objectives. This study aims to describe functions of punctuation marks, typefaces, and capital letters. This description indicates a context where a punctuation mark, a typeface, or a capital letter have a specific function, enabling us to recognise the function of a punctuation mark, a typeface, or a capital letter that occurs in a text. Methods. First, we list functions of punctuation marks, typefaces, and capital letters by referring existing style guides. Second, we describe each function in terms of a context where a punctuation mark, a typeface, or a capital letter occurs by using a corpus of academic papers. Results. We organise a list of 50 functions for 12 punctuation marks, typefaces, and capital letters. We then identify 16 unique functions and describe a context for each one. We also demonstrate the processes of recognising a function of a punctuation mark, a typeface, and a capital letter in a text with instances extracted from the corpus. Contributions. The provided comprehensive list of functions and their detailed descriptions enable readers of a text to correctly recognise what function a given punctuation mark, typeface, or capital letter has when they encounter its occurrence in the text of the academic domain. Our key idea of describing the contexts of use is novel in the research field of punctuation marks, typefaces, and capital letters.